Michigan Food Safety Management Practice Test

Which of the following is true regarding pathogens?

1. All pathogens are beneficial

2. Pathogens cause disease and can be harmful

3. Pathogens have no effect on food quality

4. Pathogens are always present in cooked food

The correct answer is: Pathogens cause disease and can be harmful

Pathogens are defined as microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that can cause disease in humans and animals. The statement that they cause disease and can be harmful is correct because pathogens can lead to foodborne illnesses if ingested through contaminated food or water. This understanding is crucial in food safety management, as preventing contamination and educating food handlers about the risks associated with pathogens is essential for protecting public health. In contrast, the first option suggesting that all pathogens are beneficial is misleading, as while some microorganisms can indeed have beneficial effects (like probiotics), pathogens specifically refer to those that cause harm. The third option stating that pathogens have no effect on food quality doesn't capture the reality that many pathogens can lead to spoilage or render food unsafe. Lastly, stating that pathogens are always present in cooked food is incorrect; proper cooking techniques can kill many harmful pathogens, making the food safe to eat. Hence, option B explicitly acknowledges the harmful potential of pathogens, which is critical knowledge in food safety.